Social, economic and cultural perspectives of European inland fisheries: review of the EIFAC symposium on fisheries and society

The contributions presented at the EIFAC Symposium on Fisheries and Society in 2000 are reviewed. There have been considerable advances in many sectors of inland fisheries over the past decade. Nowadays the value of inland fisheries to society is generally better understood and increasingly recognized. However, it was recognized that the allocation of fishery resources and their management could still be made more effective through more extensive application of the recent approaches and techniques discussed during the Symposium and reviewed in the paper.     

Inland commercial fisheries management in France

The French fisheries management regime is based on public and private ownership of fishing waters associated with a complex multilevel management system. A total of 730 operational commercial inland fisheries were examined by analysis of thematic interviews and questionnaires. Commercial fishermen are beginning to understand the nature of their own activity and its relationship to the concept of sustainable management. Nevertheless, fishermen have to face two major problems: first, they are poorly represented on decision making bodies where anglers are dominant, and secondly their activities are governed by two separate ministries. Opportunities for future development may lie in decision making at the catchment level.     

Habitat utilization and vertical movements of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) released from commercial and recreational fishing gears in the western North Atlantic Ocean: inferences from short duration pop-up archival satellite tags

Researchers have applied numerous techniques to improve billfish stock assessments, including habitat‐based models that incorporate behavioral and oceanographic parameters to standardize historical catch‐per‐unit‐effort time‐series data. These methods have allowed researchers to account for significant changes in the depths of pelagic longline (PLL) gear deployments over time. This study presents habitat‐use data recovered from high‐resolution 5‐ and 10‐day pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSATs) attached to 47 surviving white marlin released from commercial and recreational fishing gears offshore of the U.S. East Coast, the northern Caribbean, and Venezuela between 2002 and 2004. Data recovered from transmitting tags indicated that white marlin spent nearly half of their time associated with warm, near‐surface waters (<10 m). All fish displayed frequent short duration (mean: 39.8 min) vertical excursions from surface waters to depths averaging 51 m. Qualitative and multivariate classifications of data from completely transmitted movements of surviving white marlin revealed two major types of descents: one pattern was characterized by deep ‘V’‐shaped excursions of relatively short duration (mean: 23.4 min) while the other featured descents that were more broadly ‘U’‐shaped and confined to a specific depth range for an extended period of time (mean: 75.8 min). Based on the frequency, persistence, and patterns of these vertical movements, white marlin appear to direct a considerable proportion of foraging effort well below surface waters, a behavior that may account for relatively high catch rates of white marlin on some deep‐set PLL deployments.     

Model uncertainty in the ecosystem approach to fisheries

Fisheries scientists habitually consider uncertainty in parameter values, but often neglect uncertainty about model structure, an issue of increasing importance as ecosystem models are devised to support the move to an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). This paper sets out pragmatic approaches with which to account for uncertainties in model structure and we review current ways of dealing with this issue in fisheries and other disciplines. All involve considering a set of alternative models representing different structural assumptions, but differ in how those models are used. The models can be asked to identify bounds on possible outcomes, find management actions that will perform adequately irrespective of the true model, find management actions that best achieve one or more objectives given weights assigned to each model, or formalize hypotheses for evaluation through experimentation. Data availability is likely to limit the use of approaches that involve weighting alternative models in an ecosystem setting, and the cost of experimentation is likely to limit its use. Practical implementation of an EAF should therefore be based on management approaches that acknowledge the uncertainty inherent in model predictions and are robust to it. Model results must be presented in ways that represent the risks and trade‐offs associated with alternative actions and the degree of uncertainty in predictions. This presentation should not disguise the fact that, in many cases, estimates of model uncertainty may be based on subjective criteria. The problem of model uncertainty is far from unique to fisheries, and a dialogue among fisheries modellers and modellers from other scientific communities will therefore be helpful.     

机械设备故障诊断用便携式数据采集分析系统

设计了一套应用于机械设备故障诊断的便携式数据采集分析系统。系统整体采用主从结构:上位机软件基于Labview,主要实现路径、数据、通讯等的管理以及数据分析;下位机实现采集、分析。下位机的硬件层核心采用片上系统(SoC)芯片;操作系统层移植了自行研发的实时操作系统(RTOS):TDNC-OS,给出了任务划分;应用软件层引入了缓冲区操作机制;通讯层主要由UART模块组成。实例表明系统具有很好的实时性和可靠性。     

基于中断控制的CVT电控系统数据采集系统

基于Infineorl SAK C164CI单片机,采用模块化方法,设计开发了CVT电控系统数据采集系统,包括中断控制的转速采集模块、10位精度A／D转换模块和串口通信模块,并对系统进行了台架和实车试验。试验结果证明,系统采集精度高、速度快、可靠性好、调整方便。     

基于数据包络分析的新疆农用地利用效益评价

本文应用数据包络分析(DEA)的理论与模型对新疆农用地利用效率进行了评价。根据DEA有效性值,从土地投入与产出两个方面分析了各地区的DEA有效性,呈现南疆最高、北疆次之、东疆最低的格局,以及非DEA的区域性差异;农业发展水平越高,DEA有效值越高,反之,DEA有效值越低,总体而言新疆农用地利用效益还有较大的增长空间。根据计算结果提出了提高农用地利用效率的建议。     

利用XMLSPY实现XML文档与关系型数据库的转换

XML是目前广泛采用的WEB信息交换、存储、处理的技术之一,渐已成为数据表示的标准格式.本文在分析XML文档和数据库各自优势的基础上,对数据库与XML文档转换的两种形式进行了探讨,介绍了XML专业开发工具XMLSPY的主要功能,以ACCESS数据库为例,实现了数据库与XML文档的互相转换.     

基于分布式数据库系统的故障恢复技术研究

本文在对分布式数据库系统探讨的基础上,基于备份和日志记录技术,提出了一种基于两阶段提交协议的分布式数据库系统的数据恢复方法.该方法基本能实现分布式事务执行的无阻塞,在正确的实现分布武数据库恢复的前提下,保证了分布式数据库系统的高可用性.     

分类规则挖掘算法综述

分类规则挖掘是数据挖掘中一个重要的研究领域.通过介绍当前数据挖掘中具有代表性的分类算法,总结了各种算法的优缺点,给出了分类算法的应用以及分类算法面临的挑战,并对分类算法的发展方向进行了展望,为使用者选择算法或研究者改进算法提供了借鉴.